Physical Therapy for cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common cause of childhood disability. It is defined as a group of nonprogressive but often changing motor impairment syndromes secondary to lesions or anomalies of brain arising in early stages of its development. Although the damage is non-progressive, the clinical picture changes as the undamaged nervous system develops and the child grows. It can also be defined as a non-progressive neuromotor disorder of cerebral origin. Cerebral palsy includes a group of heterogeneous clinical syndromes of variable severity ranging from minor incapacitation deficits.
Physical therapy is a branch of rehabilitative health that is considered one of the most important aspects of treating children with cerebral palsy. Those with cerebral palsy experience mobility, function, posture and balance challenges of varying degrees, and physical therapy – which focuses on basic mobility such as standing, walking, climbing stairs, reaching or operating a wheelchair – is a key element in the multidisciplinary approach to increasing a child’s mobility.
Physical therapy is the rehabilitation of physical impairments by training and strengthening a patient’s large muscles – those in the arms, legs, and abdomen. The goal of physical therapy is to maximize functional control of the body, or increase gross motor function.
The goal of physical therapy is to help individuals:
develop coordination
build strength
improve balance
maintain flexibility
optimize physical functioning levels
maximize independence
Physical therapy for cerebral palsy patients consists of activities and education to improve flexibility, strength, mobility, and function. A physical therapist also designs, modifies, and orders adaptive equipment. Physical therapy can take place in clinics, hospitals, schools, and should carry on in the home through an exercise program. Physical therapy for cerebral palsy patients will not be successful without an ongoing daily home program.
A physical therapy program should consist of a number of exercises that include stretching, strengthening, and positioning. To stretch the muscles, the arms and legs must be moved in ways that produce a slow, steady pull on the muscles to keep them loose. Because of the increased muscle tone of the cerebral palsy patient, they tend to have generally tight muscles. Therefore, it is extremely important to perform daily stretches to keep the arms and legs limber, allowing the child to continue to move and function. Strengthening exercises work specific muscle groups to enable them to support the body better and increase function. Positioning requires the body to be placed in a specific position to attain long stretches. Some positions help to minimize unwanted tone. Positioning can be done in a variety of ways. Bracing, abduction pillows, knee immobilizers, wheelchair inserts, sitting recommendations, and handling techniques are all part of positioning techniques used in physical therapy for cerebral palsy patients.

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