Definition of Cerebral Palsy ,What is Cp

Definition of Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is considered a neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the child’s brain is under development. Cerebral palsy primarily affects body movement and muscle coordination. Though cerebral palsy can be defined, having cerebral palsy does not define the person that has the condition.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a blanket term for several disorders that affect normal, healthy movement. Over 10,000 children are diagnosed with CP each year.
Cerebral palsy (commonly referred to as CP) affects normal movement in different parts of the body and has many degrees of severity. The word “cerebral” refers to the brain’s cerebrum, which is the part of the brain that regulates motor function. “Palsy” describes a paralysis of voluntary movement in certain body parts. CP causes problems with posture, gait, muscle tone and coordination of movement.

Some children with CP also have coexisting conditions, like vision and hearing impairment. These disorders are caused by brain damage and are not a direct result of having cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy does not generally affect life expectancy. Depending on how the condition is managed, motor skills can improve or decline throughout the lifetime. Although CP varies in each individual, most children with this disability are still able to have full, rich lives.

An individual with cerebral palsy will likely show signs of physical impairment. However, the type of movement dysfunction, the location and number of limbs involved, as well as the extent of impairment, will vary from one individual to another. It can affect arms, legs, and even the face; it can affect one limb, several, or all.

Cerebral palsy affects muscles and a person’s ability to control them. Muscles can contract too much, too little, or all at the same time. Limbs can be stiff and forced into painful, awkward positions. Fluctuating muscle contractions can make limbs tremble, shake, or writhe.

Balance, posture, and coordination can also be affected by cerebral palsy. Tasks such as walking, sitting, or tying shoes may be difficult for some, while others might have difficulty grasping objects.


Other complications, such as intellectual impairment, seizures, and vision or hearing impairment also commonly accompany cerebral palsy.

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Life Expectancy of Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy can be a debilitating illness, and it affects millions of people worldwide, young and old. In America, it is estimated that more than 760,000 people have cerebral palsy. Around 10,000 infants are diagnosed with cerebral palsy each year. With many people affected by cerebral palsy, it is possible that you may know someone with the condition, someone you may care for. It is important to remember that cerebral palsy life expectancy can be very positive. Read on to know more details.
Most children that are affected by the condition can live 30 to 70 years. With proper management, children with cerebral palsy can grow up peacefully and lead a rather long, normal, happy life. This means visits to doctors, medications, therapies and possibly surgeries.
If the condition is severe, or if the condition is not managed properly, life span will be shortened. This is why it is essential to ensure proper management of the disease. Other factors that can affect lifespan include:
Level of visual impairment
Level of impaired movement
Severity of eating difficulties
Presence of seizure
Respiratory function
How to Extend Cerebral Palsy Life Expectancy
As mentioned above, proper management of cerebral palsy can help extend life span. Below is information that will help you manage the condition properly:
1. A Professional Team
To ensure proper management of cerebral palsy, it is important to find the right health care professionals. The following is some professionals you may need:
Pediatric neurologists who are trained in treating infants with neurological (brain and nervous system) disorders;
Orthopedic surgeons who are trained in the treatment of muscle and bone disorders;
Pediatrician who help plan and oversee the treatment;
Other areas of specialty worth noting are mental health specialists, speech-language pathologists and physical therapists, all of which can help in treatment of cerebral palsy.
2. Medication
Before consuming any medication, it is important to speak with your health care provider to assess the risk and potential effectiveness of the drugs. The medication prescribed varies depending on whether the condition is isolated (only in certain muscles), or generalized (affecting the entire body). Some medications that may be prescribed are listed below:
OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox): If the condition is isolated, your health care professional may suggest injecting Botox directly to the nerve, the muscle or both. This will be required once every three months or so. Side effects of this treatment include weakness, bruising, pain, possibly difficulty breathing and/or swallowing.

Oral Muscle Relaxants: If the condition is generalized, then a treatment of oral muscle relaxants, such as Valium (diazepam), Dantrium (dantrolene) and/or Gablofen (baclofen), may be suggested by your health care professional. These drugs help relax stiff muscles. Side effects include the risk of developing a dependency, sleepiness and nausea.

Life Expectancies by Age, Sex, and Country of Cerebral Palsy

 

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Is There Treatment/Cure for Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy is caused by a lack of oxygen at birth. Something basically went wrong and the baby did not receive all the oxygen it needed and a part of the brain became damaged.

Symptoms include difficulty with limb control, speech control and muscular control. Leading to problems walking, talking etc.

Treatment is really only to alleviate the symptoms as an area of the brain once damaged can only repair itself within limits. So really it is physiotherapy and leg, arm braces etc. Speech therapy and cognitive therapy. Medication can help if seizures are a problem.

The term cerebral palsy refers to any one of a number of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect body movement and muscle coordination but don’t worsen over time. Even though cerebral palsy affects muscle movement, it isn’t caused by problems in the muscles or nerves. It is caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain that control muscle movements. The majority of children with cerebral palsy are born with it, although it may not be detected until months or years later. The early signs of cerebral palsy usually appear before a child reaches 3 years of age. The most common are a lack of muscle coordination when performing voluntary movements (ataxia); stiff or tight muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity); walking with one foot or leg dragging; walking on the toes, a crouched gait, or a “scissored” gait; and muscle tone that is either too stiff or too floppy. A small number of children have cerebral palsy as the result of brain damage in the first few months or years of life, brain infections such as bacterial meningitis or viral encephalitis, or head injury from a motor vehicle accident, a fall, or child abuse.

Is There any Treatment/Cure?


Cerebral palsy can’t be cured, but treatment will often improve a child's capabilities. In general, the earlier treatment begins the better chance children have of overcoming developmental disabilities or learning new ways to accomplish the tasks that challenge them. Treatment may include physical and occupational therapy, speech therapy, drugs to control seizures, relax muscle spasms, and alleviate pain; surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities or release tight muscles; braces and other orthotic devices; wheelchairs and rolling walkers; and communication aids such as computers with attached voice synthesizers.

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Stem cell transplantation for cerebral palsy is still in the early phases. More research is needed to determine how effective it could be. However, there are some clinical trials testing the effectiveness of using umbilical cord blood infusions to introduce stem cells into the body.
Cerebral palsy is a difficult condition to treat and an even harder one to fully comprehend. The hope for a cure lies in getting a better understanding of cerebral palsy, but it’s important to understand that the current goal of most research is to learn new ways to reduce symptoms and limit brain damage. As neuroscience advances our understanding of the developing brain, researchers hope greater progress toward a cure will be made. Currently, efforts to find a cure rest solely with stem cell therapy.

Acupuncture has also identified the importance of different forms of therapy for treating CP. Acupuncture is an ancient form of therapy and is considered an effective complementary medicine for cerebral palsy. Depending on its use, acupuncture offers pain relief as well as the reduction of inflammation throughout your body. The practice can also help restructure different parts of the brain and improve muscle use and development.

Hemiparetic and Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy?

Cerebral palsy can take on many forms. Due to the wide variety of types possible, the symptoms that characterize this disability are also very diverse. There are two types of cerebral palsy, hemiparetic and hemiplegic, share very similar symptoms, although they are different. With both forms, the result is a person who only has one side of their body affected by the disorder. Of the two, hemiplegic is the more serious version and involves complete paralysis of the side afflicted. Someone with hemiparetic cerebral palsy will only have mild paralysis on the side suffering from it and some muscle weakness.

What Causes Hemiparetic and Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy?
Like all forms of cerebral palsy, hemiparetic and hemiplegic both have their origins in a brain injury. These two forms also account for roughly 60% of all those with cerebral palsy in the United States. Typically, they are diagnosed with the disorder before turning three.
According to the American Medical Association (AMA), a few risk factors are shared by those with the disability. These are:
Asphyxia during birth
Placental or maternal infection
Congenital heart disease
Mother and infant blood incompatibility
Infant stroke
In at least two thirds of the cases, infant stroke is to blame. Usually, this will cause a seizure in the infant within a few days of being born. However, there are many cases where the seizure’s effects are not noticeable until months after the birth or even years later.
Like we said earlier, children who have hemiparetic cerebral palsy are not completely paralyzed. It is either the right or left side of their body that suffers from general weakness. However, this can make it very challenging for the person to carry out everyday activities.

Children who have hemiplegic cerebral palsy have absolutely no use of one side of the body. This means their shoulder; arm, hand, leg and foot are all completely paralyzed.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis : Symptoms ,Causes and Treatment

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) belonging to a group of disorders known as Motor Neuron Diseases (MND). It is characterized by the gradual degeneration and death of motor neurons. ALS is a rapidly progressive, invariably fatal neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells (neurons) responsible for controlling voluntary muscles (muscle action we are able to control, such as those in the arms, legs, and face). The incidence of ALS 5-8/100,000. Most of the patients developed the symptoms when their age reached over forty. The patient would begin to present weak symptoms and with their age increasing, the incidence increases as well. Some ALS patients may have symptoms of ALS plus dementia or Parkinson.
The most common symptoms seen in ALS patients are when one of the side fingers has an awkward fine motor, stiff fingers and/or mild weakness of hand and muscles atrophy of hand. Then the disease progresses gradually after the first symptom. The patient will then suffer from weakness in the upper limbs and lower limbs, slurred speech, swallowing difficulty and breathing difficulty. The patient could also present signs of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Regardless of the occurring pattern and developmental way of the disease, the disease progressed inexorably. More than half of the patients lost the ability of activity in the three years after the onset of the disease. The patients suffered from respiratory failure and the ability to swallow became difficult 90% of the patients lost motor function completely within 6 years. The patients suffered from respiratory failure and circulatory failure and failure of other various organs.
Pathology
The disease mainly damages the upper and lower motor neurons, anterior horn of the spinal cord, brainstem motor nuclei and the upper and lower part of the neuron in the cerebral cortex. Generally, the large nerve cells were shown to be damaged early on. After the cells disappeared, they were replaced by astrocytes and microglia cells. So, there were often no abnormal changes in the early MRI's.
ALS Treatment
There is no specific treatment plan for any type of motor neuron disease; there is only a type of supportive treatment. Current progress: With the development of biotechnology, using cell technology to control the ALS disease is developing too. we found that:
1. Cells have a good therapeutic reaction to such diseases.
2. ALS has specific characteristics, such as nerve demyelination and gliocyte replaced and proliferative. This provides basis for targeting a location.

3. ALS patients are generally seen to have motor neuron loss of lamina propria, which p

Baby Cerebral Palsy Pictures

Babies with severe cerebral palsy often have problems with their posture. Their bodies may be either very floppy or very stiff. Birth defects sometimes occur along with cerebral palsy. Examples of birth defects include a spine that doesn't have the normal shape, a small jawbone, or a small head.
Every year, up to 10,000 babies born in the United States experience brain damage that leads to a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Injuries to the brain may occur in utero (when an infant's brain doesn't develop properly), during childbirth (if there is a difficult delivery, a premature delivery, or trauma), or during a child's early years (due to an infection such as bacterial meningitis or a head trauma). Half of cerebral palsy cases have no known cause.
Cerebral palsy affects each child's motor skills differently. Some children get around just fine unassisted; others move with the aid of a walker; still others may need the help of a wheelchair. You should expect your baby to reach certain milestones like rolling over, crawling, walking, and talking later than typical peers do -- if she reaches them at all. Your baby should be referred to early intervention services, such as physical, occupational, and speech-language therapies, as soon as possible following her diagnosis. States are required to provide these services for free to eligible infants and toddlers up to age 3 through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Therapists can work with your child to improve muscle tone, movements, posture, swallowing, and speech. They can also provide you with physical therapy exercises that you can do at home with your baby and provide tips on how to manage certain tasks, such as feeding.

Many children with cerebral palsy learn just as well as their typical peers do and have average, or even above average, intelligence. But sometimes problems with movement or speech hinder learning. Therefore, many children with cerebral palsy may have lower-than-average intelligence or specific learning disabilities, or both, Dr. Hubrow says. "A child who is affected on one side of the body may have perceptual problems that make certain tasks -- like doing a puzzle or understanding a map -- more difficult." Therapies provided through early intervention services can help your child master these skills, teach him ways to work around them, or introduce him to helpful learning devices like communication boards or speech-language computer programs.
Baby Cerebral Palsy Pictures

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