Definition of Cerebral Palsy - What is CP

Cerebral palsy is a general term used to describe any number of medical conditions in which an infant cannot control muscle movement. This problem can usually be diagnosed by the time a child reaches 18 months due to the child being unable to perform the standard motor skills associated with growing infants, such as sitting, reaching for toys, and walking. The conditions do not generally deteriorate with the passing of the years; rather, they limit the activities a child can perform.

While cerebral palsy (pronounced seh-ree-brel pawl-zee) is a blanket term commonly referred to as “CP” and described by loss or impairment of motor function, cerebral palsy is actually caused by brain damage. The brain damage is caused by brain injury or abnormal development of the brain that occurs while a child’s brain is still developing — before birth, during birth, or immediately after birth.
Cerebral palsy affects body movement, muscle control, muscle coordination, muscle tone, reflex, posture and balance. It can also impact fine motor skills, gross motor skills and oral motor functioning.
What is cerebral palsy?
Cerebral palsy is the result of a brain injury or a brain malformation. Individuals with cerebral palsy were most likely born with the condition, although some acquire it later.
It was once thought that cerebral palsy was caused by complications during the birthing process. While this does happen, it is now widely agreed that birthing complications account for only a small percentage, an estimated 10 percent, of cerebral palsy cases.
Current research suggests the majority of cerebral palsy cases result from abnormal brain development or brain injury prior to birth or during labor and delivery. Accidents, abuse, medical malpractice, negligence, infections, and injury are some known risk factors that may lead to cerebral palsy.

Computers can also be used to help people with cerebral palsy communicate. Some programs function in a way that is similar to a communication board while others may allow patients to type out words letter by letter. If a computer is used as an assistive technology for cerebral palsy, it can also be used to read messages composed by a patient aloud so that the patient can speak with others. Depending on the severity of a patient's cerebral palsy, these computers may be controlled by a number of different means. Some patients are able to use their hands to operate them while others may use movements of the head, neck, or eyes.

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